Nursing models and contemporary nursing 1: their development, uses and limitations Nursing Times

15.06.10

Nursing models such as the “activities of living image” (Roper et al, 1990) and the “self-care model” (Orem, 1991) were in widespread use in British nursing in the 1980s and 1990s. They were putative to be used extensively in practice, and to guide the education of nurses.

Many textbooks and journal articles were written to detail what the models were and how they could be used. However, they were heavily criticised and, in the past 10 years, they seem to have fallen out of favour.

In very basic terms, a model can be thought of as a way of representing reality. For example, model cars or aeroplanes are scaled representations that appropriate people to familiarise themselves with an object, understand it, and take it apart to see how it works. Models can also represent abstract and complex situations such as models of the thriftiness, health beliefs, or grief and bereavement.

Initially, formal models of nursing were considered as ways of representing what nursing is, what it aimed to win and the different components of nursing that could then be taken apart, analysed and understood. The components of nursing – however it may be defined – are complex and, as a development, several models were developed. Each offered a different way of thinking about nursing and each presented a different way of guiding nursing practice.

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